Eu acho que mesmo as suposições étnicas talvez sejam um tanto furadas em alguns pontos, como no caso da reconstrução da face de Tutancámon, e da questão da(s) raça(s) dos egípcios em geral.
A craniofacial study by C. Loring Brace et. al. concluded that "The Predynastic of Upper Egypt and the Late Dynastic of Lower Egypt are more closely related to each other than to any other population. As a whole, they show ties with the European Neolithic, North Africa, modern Europe, and, more remotely, India, but not at all with sub-Saharan Africa [except for Somalia], eastern Asia, Oceania, or the New World."[44]
Keita and Kittles (1997) criticize the study due its alleged contradictions, and selective approach in pigeon holding biohistorical Africans within a fixed archetype, in effect, "deafricanizing" groups such as Egyptians, Nubians, and Somali people. They write:
Another example of the use of a socially constructed typological paradigm is in studies of the Nile Valley populations in which the concept of a biological African is restricted to those with a particular craniometric pattern (called in the past the 'True Negro' though no 'True White' was ever defined). Early Nubians, Egyptians, and even Somalians are viewed essentially as non-Africans, when in fact numerous lines of evidence and an evolutionary model make them a part of African biocultural/biogeographical history. The diversity of 'authentic' Africans is a reality. This diversity prevents biogeographical/biohistorical Africans from clustering into a single unit, no matter the kind of data.[45]
A 2005 study by Keita of Badarian crania in predynastic upper Egypt in comparison to various European and tropical African crania found that the predynastic Badarian series clusters much closer with the tropical African series.[46]
Ironico que, no que concerne à miscigenação com escravos, o oposto ocorra; qualquer miscigenação, mínima que seja, dá o status racial de negro, mesmo que for um negro de olhos azuis e cabelos lisos. Agora esses povos, muito mais próximos aos negros (ou sendo eles mesmos negros, dependendo da taxonomia que se utilize), já não são classificados assim... se bem que talvez eu esteja misturando sisrtemas de classificação distintos, a visão popular decorrente do escravismo e a da antropologia, que não necessariamente adotaria essa coisa de "regra de uma gota".
Difficulties of forensic reconstruction
King Tut
Although their methodologies are objective, forensic anthropologists agree that attempts to apply criteria from craniofacial anthropometry sometimes can yield seemingly counterintuitive results, depending upon the weight given to each feature. For example, their application can result in finding some East and South Indians to have "Negroid" cranial/facial features and others to have "Caucasoid" cranial/facial features. While many East Africans for instance, have "Caucasoid" skulls[90], and many of the Khoisan who inhabit southwestern Africa have cranial/facial traits that are distinct from many other sub-Saharan Africans and resemble "Mongoloid" characteristics.[91] A recent study of ancient Nubian crania was critical of assigning the traditional racial labels to skeletal remains. The study concluded:
"The assignment of skeletal racial origin is based principally upon stereotypical features found most frequently in the most geographically distant populations. While this is useful in some contexts (for example, sorting skeletal material of largely West African ancestry from skeletal material of largely Western European ancestry), it fails to identify populations that originate elsewhere and misrepresents fundamental patterns of human biological diversity.[92]"
Tutancámon, pelos egípcios:
Máscara funerária:
Por uma equipe de reconstrução facial forense:
* acho que li algo sobre eles não terem tido qualquer informação anterior sobre de quem era a face que reconstruiam, local de origem ou pessoa específica.
Vi recentemente em um blog que um marcador mais confiável de parentesco que características faciais, sujeitas a maior variação e convergência, são coisas como padrões das suturas temporais e na nuca. Lembro de já ter visto sites (E acho que documentários ou reportagens) sobre esse assunto de reconstrução facial tanto mencionando isso quanto aparentemente negligenciando, mas pode ter sido problema da cobertura em si.
Tópico: Reconstrução facial forense (Lida 1282 vezes)