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fMRI visualiza o fluxo sangüíneo no cérebro.O resto, de "atividade cerebral", é inferência a partir disso.Ao contrário de prana/chi/chacra/etc, o tipo de "atividade cerebral" inferida é algo que realmente existe e é totalmente físico.
Bem, o fMRI não visualiza diretamente o fluxo sangüíneo, na verdade esse é só o meio usado para tentar inferir atividade cerebral correlata a isso, mas o mecanismo não "enxerga" apenas a isso. Você pode usar fMRI para escanear um peixe morto e obter resultados espúrios.http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/neuroskeptic/2009/09/16/fmri-gets-slap-in-the-face-with-a-dead-fish/Mas pode bem haver correlação real entre a enervação do corpo e a atividade nervosa, e as idéias ou "sensações" de chacra/etc. Mas não significa que essas coisas "sejam verdade", da mesma forma que haver algo no cérebro que faz termos a impressão que tem alguém por trás olhando para nós não requer que isso se dê por "precognição" ou uma espécie de telepatia, qualquer coisa do tipo. Ou, para algo ainda mais dramático, tal como para ter a ilusão de "sair do corpo" não precisa haver qualquer coisa "saindo do corpo".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleve_Backster [...]In February 1966, Backster attached polygraph electrodes to a Dracaena cane plant, to measure at first the time taken for water to reach the leaves. The electrodes are used to measure galvanic skin response and the plant showed readings which resembled that of a human. This made Backster try different scenarios, and the readings went off the chart when he pictured burning the leaf, because according to him, the plant registered a stress response to his thoughts of harming it.[10] He conducted another similar experiment where he observed a plant's response to the death of a brine shrimp in another room; his results convinced him that plants demonstrated telepathic awareness. He argued that plants perceived human intentions, and as he began to investigate further, he also reported finding that other human thoughts and emotions caused reactions in plants, which could be recorded by a polygraph instrument. He termed the plants' sensitivity to thoughts "Primary Perception", and published his findings from the experiments in the International Journal of Parapsychology in 1968.[11] Soviet scientists invited Backster to the first Psychotronic Association conference in Prague in 1973 and his paper was entitled "Evidence of Primary Perception at a Cellular Level in Plant and Animal Life".[12] After 1973, he further experimented on yoghurt bacteria, eggs and human sperm and he claimed his results showed "primary perception" could be measured in all living things.[10][...]Biologist Arthur Galston told St. Petersburg Times, "We know plants don't have nervous systems. But they do have little electrical currents flowing through them and are subject to outside manipulation." He further said that plants can show altered electrical responses to light, chemical agents and disease but he "draws the line" to the claim of them "responding to human thoughts and events, including life elimination."
[...] "I noticed that some voxels outside the brain have positive cross-validation values. Why is this?"As noted in the previous point, because noise affects the data used for cross-validation, cross-validated R2 values are susceptible to noise. The threshold of a cross-validated R2 value of 0% (which is used in the GLMdenoise technique at several points) is just a threshold, and false positives are still possible. That is, a voxel with no actual relationship to the experiment may, due to chance, have a cross-validated R2 value greater than 0%. [...]http://kendrickkay.net/GLMdenoise/
[...] Specify:Masks template brain (1 1 1 1 .. for voxels within the brain, 0 0 0 0 .. for voxels outside the brain) in order to perform normalisation based on the shape of the brain instead of the skull. Not necessary when normalising a mean EPI image to the EPI template, in which case unmasked normalisation may give better results.[...]http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/doc/manual/spatial.htm
Se já há algum grau de "replicação" o que deve estar acontecendo é a replicação do que quer que produza "defeitos" ("artifacts") no sistema. Os instrumentos vão responder ao que quer que sejam fisicamente sensíveis, é sempre necessária interpretação cuidadosa dos dados, e sempre possível imaginar estar "lendo" coisas que vão além dos fatos.Citarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleve_Backster [...]In February 1966, Backster attached polygraph electrodes to a Dracaena cane plant, to measure at first the time taken for water to reach the leaves. The electrodes are used to measure galvanic skin response and the plant showed readings which resembled that of a human. This made Backster try different scenarios, and the readings went off the chart when he pictured burning the leaf, because according to him, the plant registered a stress response to his thoughts of harming it.[10] He conducted another similar experiment where he observed a plant's response to the death of a brine shrimp in another room; his results convinced him that plants demonstrated telepathic awareness. He argued that plants perceived human intentions, and as he began to investigate further, he also reported finding that other human thoughts and emotions caused reactions in plants, which could be recorded by a polygraph instrument. He termed the plants' sensitivity to thoughts "Primary Perception", and published his findings from the experiments in the International Journal of Parapsychology in 1968.[11] Soviet scientists invited Backster to the first Psychotronic Association conference in Prague in 1973 and his paper was entitled "Evidence of Primary Perception at a Cellular Level in Plant and Animal Life".[12] After 1973, he further experimented on yoghurt bacteria, eggs and human sperm and he claimed his results showed "primary perception" could be measured in all living things.[10][...]Biologist Arthur Galston told St. Petersburg Times, "We know plants don't have nervous systems. But they do have little electrical currents flowing through them and are subject to outside manipulation." He further said that plants can show altered electrical responses to light, chemical agents and disease but he "draws the line" to the claim of them "responding to human thoughts and events, including life elimination."Aparentemente em fMRI o software precisa "mascarar" vóxeis fora do cérebro:Citar[...] "I noticed that some voxels outside the brain have positive cross-validation values. Why is this?"As noted in the previous point, because noise affects the data used for cross-validation, cross-validated R2 values are susceptible to noise. The threshold of a cross-validated R2 value of 0% (which is used in the GLMdenoise technique at several points) is just a threshold, and false positives are still possible. That is, a voxel with no actual relationship to the experiment may, due to chance, have a cross-validated R2 value greater than 0%. [...]http://kendrickkay.net/GLMdenoise/Citar[...] Specify:Masks template brain (1 1 1 1 .. for voxels within the brain, 0 0 0 0 .. for voxels outside the brain) in order to perform normalisation based on the shape of the brain instead of the skull. Not necessary when normalising a mean EPI image to the EPI template, in which case unmasked normalisation may give better results.[...]http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/doc/manual/spatial.htm