claro.. a Comuna durou 40 dias, a URSS durou 70 anos.. creio que tenha sido significativo, Zeichner.
Eis aqui uma lista retirada do wikipédia do que os cretinos e sanguinários comunards tentaram fazer:
1. O trabalho noturno foi abolido;
2. Oficinas que estavam fechadas foram reabertas para que cooperativas fossem instaladas;
3. Residências vazias foram desapropriadas e ocupadas;
4. Em cada residência oficial foi instalado um comitê para organizar a ocupação de moradias;
5. Todas os descontos em salário foram abolidos;
6. A jornada de trabalho foi reduzida, e chegou-se a propor a jornada de oito horas;
7. Os sindicatos foram legalizados;
8. Instituiu-se a igualdade entre os sexos;
9. Projetou-se a autogestão das fábricas (mas não foi possível implantá-la);
10. O monopólio da lei pelos advogados, o juramento judicial e os honorários foram abolidos;
11. Testamentos, adoções e a contratação de advogados se tornaram gratuitos;
12. O casamento se tornou gratuito e simplificado;
13. A pena de morte foi abolida;
14. O cargo de juiz se tornou eletivo;
15. O calendário revolucionário foi novamente adotado;
16. O Estado e a Igreja foram separados; a Igreja deixou de ser subvencionada pelo Estado e os espólios sem herdeiros passaram a ser confiscados pelo Estado;
17. A educação se tornou gratuita, secular, e compulsória. Escolas noturnas foram criadas e todas as escolas passaram a ser de sexo misto;
18. Imagens de santos e outros apetrechos religiosos foram derretidos, e sociedades de discussão foram criadas nas Igrejas;
19. A Igreja de Brea, erguida em memória de um dos homens envolvidos na repressão da Revolução de 1848 foi demolida. O confessionário de Luís XVI e a coluna Vendome também;
20. A Bandeira Vermelha foi adotada como símbolo da Unidade Federal da Humanidade;
21. O internacionalismo foi posto em prática: o fato de ser estrangeiro se tornou irrelevante. Os integrantes da Comuna incluíam belgas, italianos, poloneses, húngaros;
22. Instituiu-se um escritório central de imprensa;
23. Emitiu-se um apelo à Associação Internacional dos Trabalhadores;
24. O serviço militar obrigatório e o exército regular foram abolidos;
25. Todas as finanças foram reorganizadas, incluindo os correios, a assistência pública e os telégrafos;
26. Havia um plano para a rotação de trabalhadores;
27. Considerou-se instituir uma Escola Nacional de Serviço Público, da qual a atual ENA francesa é uma cópia;
28. Os artistas passaram a autogestionar os teatros e editoras;
29. O salário dos professores foi duplicado.
Bastardos!! Foi ótimo que a nobre burguesia/aristocracia se livrou deles para que esse espírito revolucionário não se espalhasse!
Edit:
prefere em inglês, Zeichner?
Social measures
The commune adopted the previously discarded French Republican Calendar during its brief existence and used the socialist red flag rather than the republican tricolore — in 1848, during the Second Republic, radicals and socialists had already adopted the red flag to distinguish themselves from moderate Republicans similar to the moderate, liberal Girondists during the 1789 Revolution.
Despite internal differences, the Council made a good start in maintaining the public services essential for a city of two million. It also reached consensus on certain policies that tended towards a progressive, secular and highly democratic social democracy rather than a social revolution. Lack of time (the Commune was able to meet on fewer than 60 days in all) meant that only a few decrees were actually implemented. These included the separation of church and state; the right to vote for women; the remission of rents owed for the entire period of the siege (during which payment had been suspended); the abolition of night work in the hundreds of Paris bakeries; the granting of pensions to the unmarried companions and children of National Guards killed on active service; the free return, by the city pawnshops, of all workmen's tools and household items valued up to 20 francs, pledged during the siege as they were concerned that skilled workers had been forced to pawn their tools during the war; the postponement of commercial debt obligations, and abolition of interest on the debts; and the right of employees to take over and run an enterprise if it were deserted by its owner, who was to receive compensation.
The decree separated the church from the state, made all church property public property, and excluded religion from schools — after the fall of the Commune, the Third Republic would have to wait until the 1880-81 Jules Ferry laws and the 1905 French law on the separation of Church and State to re-implement these measures which founded French laïcité. The churches were allowed to continue their religious activity only if they kept their doors open to public political meetings during the evenings. Along with the streets and the cafés, this made the churches one of the main participatory political centres of the Commune. Other projected legislation dealt with educational reforms which would make further education and technical training freely available to all.
The Commune returns workmen's tools pawned during the siege
Some women organized a feminist movement, following on from earlier attempts in 1789 and 1848. Thus, Nathalie Lemel, a socialist bookbinder, and Élisabeth Dmitrieff, a young Russian exile and member of the Russian section of the First International (IWA), created the Union des femmes pour la défense de Paris et les soins aux blessés ("Women's Union for the Defense of Paris and Care of the Injured") on 11 April 1871. The feminist writer André Léo, a friend of Paule Minck, was also active in the Women's Union. Believing that their struggle against patriarchy could only be followed in the frame of a global struggle against capitalism, the association demanded gender equality, wages' equality, right of divorce for women, right to secular education and professional education for girls. They also demanded suppression of the distinction between married women and concubines, between legitimate and natural children, the abolition of prostitution (obtaining the closing of the maisons de tolérance, or legal official brothels). The Women's Union also participated in several municipal commissions and organized cooperative workshops.[3] Along with Eugène Varlin, Nathalie Le Mel created the cooperative restaurant La Marmite, which served free food for indigents, and then fought during the Bloody Week on the barricades [4] Paule Minck opened a free school in the Church of Saint Pierre de Montmartre, and animated the Club Saint-Sulpice on the Left Bank.[4] The Russian Anne Jaclard, who declined to marry Dostoievsky and finally became the wife of Blanquist activist Victor Jaclard, founded the newspaper La Sociale with André Léo. She was also a member of the Comité de vigilance de Montmartre, along with Louise Michel and Paule Minck, as well as of the Russian section of the First International. Victorine Brocher, close to the IWA activists, and founder of a cooperative bakery in 1867, also fought during the Commune and the Bloody Week [4].
Famous figures such as Louise Michel, the "Red Virgin of Montmartre" who joined the National Guard and would later be sent to New Caledonia, symbolize the active participation of a small number of women in the insurrectionary events. A female battalion from the National Guard defended the Place Blanche during the repression.
The work-load of the Commune leaders was enormous. The Council members (who were not "representatives" but delegates, subject in theory to immediate recall by their electors) were expected to carry out many executive and military functions as well as their legislative ones. The numerous ad hoc organisations set up during the siege in the localities ("quartiers") to meet social needs (canteens, first aid stations) continued to thrive and cooperated with the Commune.
Paris, 29 May 1871
At the same time, these local assemblies pursued their own goals, usually under the direction of local workers. Despite the formal reformism of the Commune council, the composition of the Commune as a whole was much more revolutionist. Revolutionary trends included Proudhonists — an early form of moderate anarchists — members of the International socialists, Blanquists, and more libertarian republicans. The Paris Commune has been celebrated by Anarchist and Marxist socialists continuously since then, partly due to the variety of tendencies, the high degree of workers' control and the remarkable cooperation among different revolutionists.
For example, in the IIIe arrondissement, school materials were provided free, three schools were "laicised" and an orphanage was established. In the XXe arrondissement, school children were provided with free clothing and food. There were many similar examples. But a vital ingredient in the Commune's relative success at this stage was the initiative shown by ordinary workers in the public domain, who managed to take on the responsibilities of the administrators and specialists removed by Thiers. After only a week, the Commune came under attack by elements of the new army (which eventually included former prisoners of war released by the Germans) being created at a furious pace in Versailles.
