A maioria das pessoas daqui cresceram levando palmadas na bunda. 100% dos meus amigos de infância cresceram levando palmadas na bunda. Os estudos não mostram uma ligação direta entre "punição física" e efeitos negativos a longo prazo nas crianças.
Não, é um pouco como cigarro e câncer. Muita gente fuma e não desenvolve câncer de pulmão ou outros ligados ao tabaco, chuto que provavelmente você não conhece um caso pessoalmente, apesar de conhecer muitos fumantes. No entanto existe sim a relação causal, apenas não é 100%.
O texto coincide de lidar com o contraponto do primeiro texto que eu citei:
MORE HARM THAN GOOD: A SUMMARY
OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON THE
INTENDED AND UNINTENDED EFFECTS
OF CORPORAL PUNISHMENT ON
CHILDREN
[...]
The bulk of the criticism of the empirical research on corporal punishment
comes from two researchers, Diana Baumrind and Robert Larzelere.120
Although these two authors are both prolific and vociferous, their opinions
should not be mistaken for the views of the mainstream researchers in the fields
of psychology, medicine, or education. They find fault with the research
showing negative outcomes of corporal punishment and point to studies that fail
to find statistically significant negative outcomes. But they are equally unable to
cite a body of research showing positive long-term outcomes of corporal
punishment, for such a body of research does not exist. Despite the lack of
empirical evidence for their position, these authors criticized the Gershoff
meta-analysis cited above and concluded that, even though negative outcomes
were associated with corporal punishment in ninety-four percent of the studies,
the research to date did “not justify a blanket injunction against mild to
moderate disciplinary spanking.”121 Elsewhere, Larzelere has argued that the
research cannot be trusted because it is based primarily on correlational data.122
Such an assertion indicates that the author will never be convinced by the
available data because it is impossible to study parents’ use of everyday
spanking in an experimental fashion. Although randomized studies with
treatment and control groups are the “gold standard” of the basic and medical
sciences, children cannot be randomly assigned to parents in experimental
designs,123 nor, since the 1980s, have institutional review boards approved
studies that randomly assign parents to spank or not spank their own children.124
However, parenting researchers work diligently to make up for the lack of
experimental designs by creating carefully selected and representative samples
of families and by employing a range of new statistical methods that make
better estimates of causal parameters from observational data.125
Well-designed correlational research has led to several public-health
conclusions and intervention efforts over the last few decades. To take but one
example, the now well-accepted fact that cigarette smoke causes lung cancer is
based on a body of correlational research.126 Clearly, it would be unethical to
randomly assign people to smoke or not, so researchers must instead rely on
longitudinal but correlational studies that follow individuals who themselves
choose to smoke. These studies attempt to take into account as many factors as
possible that may account for who smokes and who does not in the first place.127
This body of correlational research does not meet the high bar set by Baumrind
and Larzelere, but it nonetheless led the U.S. Surgeon General to conclude that
the “evidence is sufficient to infer a causal relationship” between smoking and
cancers of the bladder, blood (leukemia), cervix, esophagus, kidneys, larynx,
lungs, mouth, pancreas, and stomach, among many other serious health
consequences.128 This research does not suggest that smoking one cigarette will
cause an individual to develop cancer, but rather that the risk increases with
each cigarette smoked and, conversely, that if an individual never smoked, his
or her risk for these negative health outcomes is greatly reduced. Similarly, the
research to date does not support a conclusion that one spank will cause a child
to become aggressive or delinquent; rather, with every spank the risk
increases.129 Never spanking at all would provide the lowest risk for such
negative outcomes.
[...]
http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1565&context=lcp
O que vocês estão tentando fazer? Redesenhar a realidade e apontar severos problemas psicológicos em gerações de pessoas que cresceram levando tapas na bundinha?
Não, da mesma forma que não se sugere que todo mundo que fuma esteja caquético, mas pode-se dizer que fumar é prejudicial à saúde.
Ao mesmo tempo, é provável que essas gerações tivessem se desenvolvido melhor, se tivessem sido criadas de outra maneira. Não é como se todas as gerações anteriores/atuais fossem 100% saudáveis e se achasse que isso só fosse valer agora.
E veja bem, eu não estou defendendo abuso infantil. Não estou defendendo tapa na cara, surra de cinto, chute na barriga, voadora nas costas, etc. Estou defendendo que tapas na bundinha, que possuem um efeito muito mais psicológico do que físico, são, em certas situações, mais efetivos do que apenas um xingamento, castigo, etc.
Acho que xingamento também não é algo adequado*.
E sim, o efeito é psicológico mesmo, não é só lesão física o problema.
Não existe na literatura científica recomendações de um grau de severidade "ideal" para castigos físicos a crianças.
* não surpreendentemente:
Verbal aggression by parents and psychosocial problems of children ☆
Yvonne M. Vissing, Murray A. StrausCorresponding author contact information
Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
Richard J. Gelles
University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
John W. Harrop
Brown University Medical School, USA
Abstract
Analyses of data on a nationally representative sample of 3,346 American parents with a child under 18 living at home found that 63% reported one or more instances of verbal aggression, such as swearing and insulting the child. Children who experienced frequent verbal aggression from parents (as measured by the Conflict Tactic Scales) exhibited higher rates of physical aggression, delinquency, and interpersonal problems than other children. This relationship is robust since it applies to preschool-, elementary school-, and high school-age children, to both boys and girls, and to children who were also physically punished as well as those who were not. Children who experienced both verbal aggression and severe physical violence exhibited the highest rates of aggression, delinquency, and interpersonal problems.
